Science & Technology
UK Companies Face Increasing Cyber Security Risks Across a Range of Threats, New Report Reveals
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- ‘Cyber Security Report 2024/2025’ by Horizon3.ai for the United Kingdom
- “Thinking that software can be made completely invulnerable or that conventional cyber security defences are sufficient is a common misjudgement,” warns cyber security expert Keith Poyser. “Most organisations today use dozens, if not hundreds, of software applications and solutions, creating an expansive attack surface. A vulnerability remains harmless only until a hacker uncovers how to exploit it. Real world exploitable vulnerabilities are chained together to form effective attack paths, with clear business impact. This very real risk presents numerous potential threats, underscoring the importance for companies to strengthen their defences before an attack occurs, across all attack surfaces…and that means testing from an attacker’s perspective.”
London, December 16 2024 – Hackers employ a wide range of tactics, techniques, and procedures to exploit vulnerabilities in software. At the same time, they use targeted phishing attacks, third-party data breaches, and open-source information (OSINT) to gain access to a user’s credentials, which can provide the much needed gateway to valuable systems and data. This is a key takeaway from the “Cyber Security Report UK 2024/25” by Horizon3.ai, which surveyed 150 organisations across the United Kingdom. The findings reveal that almost half of these organisations (48%) regard stolen user and admin credentials as one of the most significant cyber security threats they face. Additionally, an overwhelming 42% of respondents (who could select multiple threats) identify insufficiently secured data and/or unknown data stores as a significant potential risk to their organisations.
Another key finding reveals that more than a quarter (29%) of companies consider attacks via unpatched but known security vulnerabilities in corporate networks to be a major threat. These are software vulnerabilities that are already known, with a patch available from the vendor, but have yet to be patched by the companies using the software. An additional 27% are concerned about incorrectly configured software and/or hardware devices as a source of potential risk to their organisations. “These issues are a prime opportunity for cybercriminals. At the end of the day, a considerable proportion of the successful cyberattacks are the result of human error,” Keith Poyser, Vice President for EMEA at cyber security company Horizon3.ai, explains.
Penetration Testing as a Solution to Cyber Threats
“With hundreds of programmes in use, most organisations can no longer keep up with the vulnerabilities being discovered in the software they use, plus the other security gaps that emerge almost daily,” says Poyser. To address this, he recommends continuous penetration testing—self-assessments of an organisation’s infrastructure to identify vulnerabilities and other weaknesses in advance. According to the survey, nearly a third of organisations (32%) do not conduct penetration tests. “Autonomous penetration tests are easy to implement, cost-effective, and most importantly, proactively test your environment from an attacker’s perspective —exactly what is needed in the face of the rapidly increasing cybercrime threat,” argues Poyser.
The “Cyber Security Report UK 2024/25” underscores the growing severity of cyber threats: 69% of the companies surveyed revealed they had fallen victim to a cyberattack at least once in the past two years. The survey, which gathered insights from 150 executives and IT professionals, covers a diverse range of industries and critical infrastructures, including telecommunications, manufacturing, automotive, healthcare, education, and research.
Diverse Cyber Threats Pose Growing Challenges to Organisations
Other potential threats identified by the surveyed executives include: Zero-day and/or N-day vulnerabilities (20%), poor or inadequate security controls (16%), shadow IT—using software or hardware unknown to the company’s IT team (14%), weak and/or unenforced security policies (5%), insufficient security budgets (4%), and little or no attention to security (2%).
“Managers are recognising that a combination of cyber risks within their organisations is becoming increasingly difficult to manage,” says security expert Keith Poyser. In his view, a a solution is clear: “Companies must regularly test the security of their IT infrastructures through self-initiated attacks in the form of continuous, autonomous penetration testing that focuses on real world exploitable attack paths, prioritises, shows remediation and then verifies that the attack path is fixed. Simulation and vulnerability scanning had their place, but real world, production environment testing is what is needed for modern threats.”
Cyberattacks Threaten Business Continuity and Financial Stability
“It is no surprise that Richard Horne of the NCSC recently issued such a stark warning on cyber security,” says Poyser. The new CEO of the National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) said in a recent speech that cyber risk in the UK is “widely underestimated” and that the gap between the exposure and threat we face and the defenses that are in place to protect us is widening. “The increasing frequency and complexity of these attacks highlights the urgent need for organisations to strengthen their cyber security defences and remediate exploitable weaknesses to protect themselves from financial and reputational damage,” adds Poyser.
If critical data falls into the hands of cybercriminals, it can result in major outages and significant financial losses. This is evident as 62% and 54% of surveyed companies reported experiencing downtime and ransom demands, respectively. Additionally, the costs associated with data recovery are considerable, alongside the extra workload and potential legal ramifications for the business. Data breaches are especially damaging to critical infrastructures, as they can compromise the functionality of vital systems.
Majority of Companies Underequipped Against Attacks
Shocking 66% of the surveyed companies admitted that they have little to no adequate protection against cyberattacks, while only 17% have taken measures but consider them insufficient. Just 9% were confident that their protection against cyberattacks is complete.
“These results show that while awareness of the importance of robust protection against cyberattacks is growing, resources to meet the challenge are often lacking. For years, cyber security has been defined by defensive and reactive measures that are simply too slow in an environment of aggressive, increasingly AI-driven cyberattacks,” says Keith Poyser. Instead, the security expert is urging organisations to adopt a more proactive approach in order to stay one step ahead of cybercriminals. This is the only way companies can effectively protect their systems and deal with the ever-growing threats in cyberspace.
About Horizon3.ai and NodeZero: Horizon3.ai provides a cloud-based platform, NodeZero, enabling organisations and public authorities to simulate self-assessments on their IT infrastructure to assess their cyber resilience through penetration testing (pentesting). Thanks to its cloud model, the platform offers affordable, regular pentesting, making it accessible to mid-sized companies. Horizon3.ai continuously monitors the cybercrime landscape to ensure that newly discovered vulnerabilities are swiftly integrated into the cloud system. NodeZero not only identifies security flaws but also offers tailored recommendations for remediation. Through this platform, Horizon3.ai helps organisations meet rising regulatory demands for cyber resilience in Governance, Risk & Compliance (GRC), with guidelines recommending an internal self-assessment at least once a week.
Trademark notice: NodeZero is a trademark of Horizon3.ai
Further information:
Horizon3.AI Europe GmbH, Sebastian-Kneipp-Str. 41, 60439 Frankfurt am Main, Web: www.horizon3.ai
PR Agency: euromarcom public relations GmbH, Tel. +49 611 973150, Web: www.euromarcom.de, E-Mail: [email protected]
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Science & Technology
Quantum Computing Breakthrough: Data Security Implications
MIT’s new quantum algorithm could revolutionize data processing, posing significant challenges for current cryptographic systems. This article explores the implications for data security and potential solutions to counteract quantum threats.
The recent breakthrough in quantum computing by researchers at MIT marks a pivotal moment in the field of data security. On August 19, 2026, Nature published the details of a new quantum algorithm capable of processing data at speeds previously unimaginable. While this innovation holds enormous potential for advancing machine learning and other computational fields, it simultaneously presents a formidable challenge to the current cryptographic systems relied upon to safeguard sensitive information.
At the core of contemporary data security is the reliance on encryption techniques that depend on the complexity of certain mathematical problems, such as the factoring of large numbers, which are currently infeasible for classical computers to solve within a practical timeframe. However, quantum computers, with their ability to perform calculations exponentially faster than traditional machines, threaten to render these encryption methods obsolete. This development could have profound implications for sectors that prioritize data security, including finance, healthcare, and government, where sensitive data is at risk of exposure.
The immediate concern for cybersecurity experts is the potential for quantum computers to crack widely used encryption protocols, such as RSA and ECC, which form the backbone of secure internet communications. The computational power unleashed by quantum algorithms could theoretically decrypt encrypted data in a fraction of the time required by classical computers, leaving digital communications vulnerable to interception and exploitation.
In response to this looming threat, researchers and industry experts are actively exploring the development of quantum-resistant algorithms. These algorithms are designed to withstand the capabilities of quantum computing, ensuring the confidentiality and integrity of data even in a post-quantum world. Efforts in this direction include the study of lattice-based cryptography, hash-based signatures, and multivariate polynomial equations as potential foundations for secure encryption systems.
The urgency to develop and implement quantum-resistant cryptography is underscored by the rapid pace of advancements in quantum technology. Tech companies, governments, and academic institutions are investing heavily in research to safeguard their data infrastructures against quantum threats. The transition to quantum-resistant systems, however, is not without its challenges. It requires a comprehensive overhaul of existing cryptographic frameworks and widespread adoption across industries, a process that demands both time and resources.
Despite these challenges, the potential benefits of quantum computing in fields such as artificial intelligence, pharmaceuticals, and materials science cannot be overlooked. The same capabilities that pose a threat to data security also offer the promise of unprecedented advancements in computational power, enabling breakthroughs that were previously beyond reach.
As the world stands on the brink of a quantum revolution, the dual-edged nature of this technological leap is clear. While the security of our digital world faces new threats, the opportunity for innovation and progress is equally profound. The path forward will require a concerted effort to balance the risks and rewards of quantum computing, ensuring that the transformative potential of this technology is harnessed responsibly and securely.
In the coming years, as quantum technologies continue to evolve, the focus will be on developing robust standards for quantum-resistant cryptography and fostering collaboration between academia, industry, and government to navigate this new frontier. The race to secure our digital future in the face of quantum capabilities is not just a technical challenge but a strategic imperative that will shape the landscape of cybersecurity for decades to come.
Science & Technology
AI-Driven Tools Propel Mars Exploration to New Heights
NASA’s latest Mars mission features AI-driven tools in its rover, enabling autonomous navigation and faster data transmission, marking a significant advancement in space exploration technology.
NASA’s latest mission to Mars has captivated both scientific communities and the public, as the new rover equipped with AI-driven exploration tools begins its journey across the Martian landscape. Wired’s August 2026 report highlights the rover’s ability to autonomously navigate the challenging terrain while making real-time decisions, significantly enhancing the efficiency of data collection. This innovation is poised to revolutionize the way robotic missions are conducted in space.
The rover’s sophisticated communication systems represent another leap forward, allowing for faster and more reliable data transmission back to Earth. These advancements mean that scientists can receive critical information more swiftly, enabling them to adjust mission parameters as needed. According to Wired, this capability is essential for responding to unexpected findings and maximizing the scientific value of each mission.
Moreover, the integration of AI tools in the rover’s design marks a pivotal shift towards reducing dependence on Earth-based commands. As Wired notes, this development could pave the way for future missions that operate with greater autonomy, setting the stage for more complex and prolonged explorations of Mars. The implications of this technology extend beyond current missions, suggesting a future where human exploration of Mars is supported by highly capable robotic counterparts.
As NASA continues to push the boundaries of space exploration, the success of this mission will likely influence the design and execution of future endeavors. The potential for these AI-driven tools to transform space exploration is immense, promising a new era of discovery and innovation on the red planet and beyond.
Science & Technology
Quantum Computing Breakthroughs: Disrupting Industries with Oxford’s Innovations
A recent breakthrough in quantum computing at the University of Oxford promises to disrupt multiple industries by significantly enhancing computational capabilities. Explore the technological implications and potential disruptions poised to redefine sectors.
In May 2026, the University of Oxford announced a significant breakthrough in the field of quantum computing, unveiling an advanced error correction algorithm that has the potential to transform computational capabilities. This development is not just a scientific triumph; it heralds a new era of technological disruption across multiple industries. Quantum computing, long anticipated as the next frontier in technology, promises to solve complex problems beyond the reach of classical computers, and Oxford’s latest advancement brings this closer to reality.
At the core of this breakthrough is the enhancement in quantum error correction, a critical component that addresses the inherent instability of qubits, which are the fundamental units of quantum information. Traditional computers use bits of 0s and 1s, but quantum computers operate on qubits, which can exist in multiple states simultaneously. This superposition allows quantum computers to process information exponentially faster than classical computers. However, qubits are notoriously prone to errors due to environmental noise and operational inaccuracies. Oxford’s new algorithm significantly improves the error correction process, maintaining qubit stability longer and allowing extended computational tasks to be performed accurately.
The implications of this are profound. Industries ranging from pharmaceuticals to finance stand on the cusp of disruption as quantum computing offers the ability to model complex molecular structures, optimize large-scale financial portfolios, and even revolutionize artificial intelligence algorithms. In pharmaceuticals, for example, quantum computing can expedite drug discovery by accurately simulating molecular interactions, potentially reducing the time and cost associated with bringing new drugs to market. Similarly, in finance, quantum algorithms can optimize trading strategies and risk management with a precision unattainable by current technologies.
Moreover, the ripple effects of such a leap in computational power extend to data encryption and cybersecurity. Quantum computers possess the potential to decrypt classical encryption methods, prompting a race for quantum-resistant cryptography. This necessitates a paradigm shift in how we secure digital information, affecting every sector that relies on data security.
Despite the tremendous promise, the transition to quantum computing is not without its challenges. The infrastructure required to support quantum technologies is expensive and complex. There is also a significant skills gap; experts in quantum computing are scarce, and training a new generation of scientists and engineers is imperative. Furthermore, ethical considerations regarding the power of quantum computing must be addressed, particularly in terms of privacy and security.
Looking forward, as quantum computing continues to evolve, industries will need to adapt swiftly to harness its capabilities. Early adopters who invest in quantum technologies and develop quantum-ready strategies will likely dominate in the coming decade. As Oxford’s breakthrough demonstrates, the race is on to fully realize the potential of quantum computing and redefine the boundaries of what is technologically possible.
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